ABSTRACT
To compare the viscosity of silicone oils made by different manufacturers by comparing the flow rates through a standard 23G millennium vitrectomy system. Quasi experimental study. Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital Lahore, Pakistan during 2012. Viscosities of silicone oils of l000cs and 5000cs, manufactured by multinational / national manufacturers in Pakistan, were compared. Oils of 1000cs/500cs were placed in 20 ml syringes, marked randomly and placed in water-VVbaths at 25°C, to standardize the control environment. Each syringe was then attached to 23G millennium vitrectomy system and time taken to empty 9 ml of oils at pressures of 40 mrrtHg and 70 mmHg was noted. Oils of same centistokes manufactured by different manufacturers behaved differently in terms of their flowability and rates of emptying. The emptying times for l000cs oils ranged from 112.1 seconds to 144.4 seconds at 40 mmHg and 60.2 to 70.3 seconds at 70 mmHg, whereas corresponding figures for 5000cs were between 335.7 seconds and 802.0 seconds at 40 mmHg and between 169.6 seconds and 348.7 seconds at 70 mmHg. The differences at all levels were statistically significant [p< 0.001]. Silicone oils of similar centistokes behaved differently in terms of their rates of flow through a standard 23G vitrectomy system under standard conditions indicating better standardization of the viscosity of silicone oils available in the market
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the correlation between axial myopia and diabetic retinopathy. Cross-sectional study. Eye Department of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore General Hospital, from August 2012 to February 2013. A total of 258 participants suffering from type-2 diabetic retinopathy were included. Axial length was measured by two optometrists using contact type ultrasound biometer. Colored retinal photographs, red free retinal photographs and Fundus Fluorescein Angiography [FFA] were performed on all patients using standard fundus camera. All fundus photographs and angiograms were independently reviewed and graded by two qualified vitreoretinal fellows. Out of 258 patients, 163 were males [63.2%] and 95 [36.8%] were females. Average age of patients was 56.30 +/- 7.57 years. Average axial length of right and left eyes were 23.16 mm and 23.15 mm respectively. There was statistically significant negative correlation between axial length and severity of diabetic retinopathy in the right eye, [Spearman correlation = -0.511, p = 0.0001] as well as the left eye [Spearman correlation = -0.522, p = 0.0001]. There is a protective influence of longer axial length of globe on the stage and severity of diabetic retinopathy. This study may help in modifying the screening protocol for diabetic retinopathy amongst patients of differing axial lengths
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Retinopathy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Axial Length, EyeABSTRACT
This study was undertaken on the exponents of motivation and implementation of family planning measures in Armed Forces i.e., doctors, with emphasis on finding their contraceptive prevalence rate. Cross-sectional prospective study. Armed Forces Postgraduate Institute Rawalpindi from March 2003 to June 2004. A comprehensively structured open and closed ended questionnaire was mailed to selected married medical officers of Pakistan Army, Air Force and Navy. Based on their responses the data was prepared, analysed and interpreted. Seventy seven percent of military doctors were practising some contraceptive method at the time of study. Most of the doctors were using condoms for contraception. Sixteen percentage of all respondents have never used any contraceptive in their life. More than 70% believe that the religion of Islam is not a barrier in family planning. Most of doctors were not satisfied with the performance of family planning centres functioning in the Army. There is a dire need to improve the female literacy, awareness about contraceptive methods and their accessibility among military masses of Pakistan